Sermons
Series
Books
- John 12:20-43 4
- Mark 1:4-11 5
- Matthew 22:1-14 5
- 1 Corinthians 4:1-2 1
- John 3:1-17 9
- Matthew 11:2-15, Isaiah 35:1-10 1
- Luke 14:1-14 4
- Luke 9:28-36 5
- Luke 19:28-40 2
- John 6:22-35 4
- Mark 9:2-9 3
- Acts 1:1-14 1
- Luke 17:1-10 3
- John 6:35-40 1
- Lamentations 3:22-33, Mark 5:21-43 2
- Luke 1:5-25, 57-80 1
- Colossians 3:12-17 1
- John 19:16-27 1
- Isaiah 50:4-10 1
- John 21:1-19 1
- Matthew 11:12-19 1
- Romans 8:18-27 3
- Mark 8:27-38, Romans 5:1-11 1
- 1 Kings 19:1-8, John 6:35-51 1
- Luke 6:27-38 2
- John 18:28-38 1
- Isaiah 40:1-11, Mark 1:1-8 1
- 2 Peter 3:3, Mark 6:1-13 1
- Philippians 3:17-4:1 1
- Luke 2:8-15 1
- Luke 2:1-14 1
- Lamentations 3:22-33; 2 Corinthians 8:1-9,13-15; Mark 5:21-43 1
- Matthew 21:33-46 5
- Matthew 28:16-20 2
- John 3:5-15 1
- Isaiah 40:1-11 2
- Luke 13:22–30 1
- John 10:22-30 4
- Luke 4:31-37 1
- Jude 1:20-25, Mark 13:24-37 1
- Mark 6:45-56 3
- 2 Kings 5:1-14 1
- John 14:15-21 4
- Luke 16:19-31 2
- Romans 7:7-25a 1
- Deuteronomy 8:1-10, Philippians 4:10-20, Luke 17:11-19 1
- John 10:11-18, Acts 4:1-12, 1 John 3:16-24 1
- 1 Samuel 2:1-10 1
- Romans 4:13-25 1
- Luke 22:45-62 1
- Mark 9:30-37 4
- John 17:20-26 2
- Malachi 3:13-18 1
- Matthew 18:1-20, Romans 13:1-1 1
- Mark 14:1-26 1
- James 3:1-12 1
- John 19:18-24, Luke 23:33-43, John 19:25-27, Matthew 27:45-49, John 19:28-30a, Luke 23:45-49, Matthew 27:51-56, John 19:31-42, Matthew 27:61-66 1
- Isaiah 61:1-4,8-11 1
- Ephesians 1:3-14, Mark 6:14-29, Amos 7:7-15 1
- Luke 23:1-56 1
- John 1:1-14, Hebrews 1-2 1
- Jonah 3:1-5, 10 1
- Amos 7:7-15; Mark 6:14-29 1
- Mark 10:32-45 4
- Luke 2:22-40 11
- Revelation 12:7–12 1
- John 7:37-39 1
- Matthew 4:1-11 6
- Isaiah 11:1-10 1
- John 21:1-14 2
- Mark 13:1-13 4
- Jeremiah 23:1-6 1
- 1 Corinthians 15:3-23 1
- 1 Peter 3:17-22 3
- Luke 15:1-10 2
- Philippians 3:4b-14 2
- John 18:33-37 2
- John 18:1-11, John 18:12-27, John 18:28-19:16a, John 19:16b-22, John 19:23-25a, John 19:25b-30, John 19:31-42 1
- Mark 13:33-37 1
- Matthew 7:15-29 1
- John 11:1-53 2
- Daniel 10:10-14; 12:1-3 1
- Genesis 11:1-9, Acts 2:1-21, John 14:23-31 2
- 1 John 3:1-3 3
- Genesis 50:15-21, Matthew 18:21-35 1
- Mark 14:27-42 1
- Numbers 11: 4-6, 10-16, 24-29 1
- Luke 23:32 1
- Isaiah 7:10-14, Matthew 1:18-25 1
- (Ephesians 1:15-23, 2:1-10) Ephesians 2:11-22 1
- Luke 22:1-23:56 1
- Isaiah 9:1-4, Matthew 4:12-25 1
- Luke 22:7-13, John 13:1-20, Matthew 26:20-25, Luke 22:14-18, Matthew 26:26-29, John 13:21-30, Luke 22:35-38, John 14:1-31, Matthew 26:30-32, Luke 22:31-32, Matthew 26:33-35 1
- Genesis 9:8-17; Mark 6:45-56 1
- Mark 4:35-41 4
- John 1:1-18 10
- Matthew 9:9-13 2
- Luke 1:1-11, Ephesians 1:15-23 1
- Matthew 6:1-6, 16-21 7
- Isaiah 2:1-5 1
- Luke 12:13-21 4
- Luke 24:1-12 3
- John 20:19-29 1
- Mark 6:14-29 4
- Mark 1:14-20 1
- 1 Corinthians 11:23-11:29 1
- Luke 13:22-30 1
- Luke 15:1-3, 11-32 3
- Hebrews 9:24-28 1
- Mark 14:12-26 4
- Matthew 6:19-24, Philippians 4:10-20, Deuteronomy 8:1-10 1
- John 15:5 1
- Matthew 26:36-45 1
- Genesis 2:18-25 1
- Luke 7:1-10 1
- Numbers 6:22-27, Galatians 3:23-29, Luke 2:21 1
- Matthew 21:23-32; Ezekiel 18:1-4, 25-32; Philippians 2:1-18 1
- Numbers 21:4-9, John 3:14-21 2
- Genesis 2:18-25, Hebrews 2:1-18, Mark 10:2-16 1
- John 1:1-14 3
- (Ephesians 3:1-13) Ephesians 3:14-21 1
- John 20:19-31, Acts 9:1-22, Revelation 5:1-14 1
- Philippians 4:4, Romans 4, John 3 1
- John 15-17 1
- John 6:51-69, Isaiah 29:11-19 1
- 2 Corinthians 5:1-17 2
- John 3:14-21 4
- John 12:20-33 1
- John 14:15-21, I Peter 3:13-22 1
- Matthew 17:1-9 5
- Deuteronomy 8:1-10 3
- Mark 16:1-8 4
- John 2:1-11 5
- Revelation 7:2-17 3
- Mark 6:1-6 1
- Romans 8:31b-39 1
- John 11:17-27, 38-53 2
- Luke 1:39-55 1
- Jeremiah 26:8-15 2
- Revelation 7:9-17, Luke 12:13-21 1
- John 12:1-24 1
- Matthew 25:31-46, 1 Corinthians 15:20-28, Ezekiel 34:11-16, 20-24 1
- Genesis 1, Acts 2, Matthew 28 1
- Matthew 26:17-29 1
- Mark 10:17-34 1
- Luke 7:36 - 8:3 1
- Romans 6:1-11, Matthew 3:13-17 1
- Revelation 7:9-17 4
- Mark 14:43-72 1
- Hebrews 4:1-16 1
- John 12:12-24 1
- Isaiah 35:1-10 1
- Jonah 3:1-5,10; Mark 1:14-20 1
- Ephesians 4:1-16 1
- Revelation 22:1-20 1
- Matthew 27:11-66 1
- John 18:28-32, Luke 23:2, John 18:33-37, Matthew 27:11b-14, Luke 23:4-16, Matthew 27:15-21, Luke 23:18-23, John 19:1, Matthew 27:27-30, John 19:3b, Matthew 27:31, John 19:4-15, Matthew 27:24-25 1
- Ephesians 6:10-20 1
- John 1:6-8, 19-28 3
- Matthew 18:1-20 4
- John 14:1-14 7
- Matthew 5:38-48 3
- Luke 23:27-43 4
- Colossians 1:21-29 1
- Exodus 12:1-14 1
- 2 Peter 3:1-18 1
- John 9:31-36 1
- Mark 5:21-43 1
- Luke 1:26-38 4
- 1 Corinthians 16:8-9, Colossians 4:3-4 1
- Luke 12:22-34 3
- Mark 12:28-34 1
- 1 Timothy 4:5-18 1
- Matthew 27:31, 39-43 1
- John 11:14-15, 17-27 1
- John 20:19-23 1
- John 4:5-42 1
- Luke 10:1-9 1
- 1 Kings 19:9b-21 1
- ? 8
- 1 Timothy 2:1-4 1
- Mark 11:1-10 1
- Romans 3:19-28 6
- Luke 24: 1-12 1
- Luke 2:8-14 1
- Deuteronomy 18:15-20, 1 Corinthians 8:1-13, Mark 1:21-28 1
- Ephesians 6:10-20, John 6 1
- Galatians 5:1,13-25 1
- Matthew 26:17-30 1
- Luke 23:43 1
- Luke 10:17-20, Revelation 12:7-12 1
- Acts 2:14a, 22-36 3
- John 2:13-25 2
- Matthew 1:18-25 6
- Matthew 16:21-28 6
- John 10:1-10 4
- Matthew 5:21-37 6
- Luke 21:5-36 2
- Luke 10:25-37 5
- John 12:12-19 5
- Luke 3:15-22 3
- Mark 10:23-31 2
- Luke 1:57-80 2
- Isaiah 61:10-11 1
- Matthew 6:24-34 2
- Luke 12:13-21, Ecclesiastes 1:2, 12-14, 2:18-26 1
- Luke 4:1-13 3
- Mark 10:2-16 2
- Matthew 27:6-10 1
- Matthew 21:33-46, Isaiah 5:1-7, Philippians 3:4b-14 1
- Acts 1:1-11 2
- John 16:16-22 1
- Mark 12:38-44 1
- Genesis 18:1-14 1
- John 9:1-7, 13-17, 34-39 1
- Exodus 24:3-11, 1 Corinthians 10:16-17, Mark 14:12-26 1
- 1 Kings 17:8-16, Mark 12:38-44 1
- 1 Peter 3:15-18 1
- Galatians 4:4-7 1
- Exodus 24:3-11, Hebrews 9:11-22, Matthew 26:17-30 1
- Isaiah 40:21-31, Mark 1:29-39 1
- James 2:1-10, 14-18; Mark 7:24-37 1
- Luke 12:49-56 1
- Acts 2:22-36 1
- Genesis 2:18-25, Mark 10:2-16 1
- Acts 2:1-21 10
- Matthew 9:9–13 1
- Mark 1:1-8 3
- Luke 22:24-30 1
- Luke 24:13-35 6
- Matthew 5:13-20 5
- Luke 20:27-40 2
- Luke 10:1-20 5
- Matthew 27:54, Luke 23:47-48 1
- Galatians 3:23-29 1
- Mark 10:17-22 4
- Mark 4:26-34 4
- John 1:6-8, 14-17, 29-34 1
- Matthew 4:12-25 3
- Luke 10:38-42 2
- Joel 2:12-19 1
- John 6:27-51 1
- Matthew 27:1-5 1
- Revelation 12:7-12 1
- 1 John 4:7-17a 1
- Matthew 4:1-11, Mark 1:12-15 1
- Jeremiah 33:14-16 2
- Luke 11:1-13 2
- Exodus 24:3-11, Hebrews 10:15-25, Matthew 26:17-30 1
- Isaiah 61:1-4, 8-11 1
- 1 John 3:16-24, John 10:11-18 1
- Luke 3:1-14 1
- Romans 6:1-11 1
- Luke 22:33-34, Luke 23:39-43, John 19:25-27, Matthew 27:45-46, John 19:28, John 19:29-30, Luke 23:44-46 1
- Genesis 22:1-18 1
- Mark 9:38-50 1
- Hebrews 12:4-24; Luke 13:22-30 1
- Acts 11:19-30; 13:1-3 1
- John 19:26-27 1
- John 17:11b-19 5
- Genesis 17:1-7, 15-16, Mark 8:27-38 1
- Luke 1:5-25 1
- Matthew 15:21-28 5
- Acts 5:29-42 2
- Titus 1:1-9 1
- John 8:31-36 5
- Luke 9:51-62 2
- Luke 20:9-20 3
- Luke 2:22-4 1
- Mark 10: 2-16 1
- Mark 3:20-35 1
- Mark 13:24-37 5
- Matthew 3:13-17 4
- Luke 8:26-39 3
- Luke 5:1-11 3
- Luke 10:17-20 1
- 1 Corinthians 1:18-31 2
- John 12:20-33, Numbers 21:4-9, 1 Corinthians 1:18-25 1
- Acts 17:16-31 1
- Isaiah 9:1-4 1
- Luke 1:26-35, Luke 2:1-20 4
- Hebrews 11:1-16 1
- 1 Corinthians 15:1-11 1
- Isaiah 60:1-6, Ephesians 3:1-12, Matthew 2:1-12 1
- John 15:9-17, 1 John 5:1-8 1
- Philippians 4:4-7 1
- Galatians 3:23-4:7 1
- Hebrews 2:14-18 1
- 1 Peter 2:19-25 1
- John 2:13-22 2
- Mark 10:46-52 1
- Ezekiel 34:11-24, 1 Timothy 1:5-17, Luke 15:1-10 1
- Romans 5:5-15 1
- Matthew 27:46, Mark 15:34 1
- John 15:9-17 5
- Isaiah 64:1-9 2
- Matthew 14:22-33 5
- Matthew 28:1-10 2
- 1 Corinthians 1:1-9 2
- Hebrews 1:1-12 1
- James 3:13-4:10 2
- John 15:26-27, 16:4b-15 2
- Matthew 25:14-30 5
- Isaiah 30:8-17 1
- Luke 4:31-44 3
- Mark 9:14-29 3
- Luke 22:21-24 1
- John 1:43-51 2
- 1 Corinthians 13 1
- Lamentations 3:22-33 2
- Isaiah 43:1-7 1
- Jeremiah 23:16-29, Luke 12:49-56 1
- John 10:1-10, 1 Peter 2:19-25 1
- Genesis 1:1-5, Romans 6:1-11, Mark 1:4-11 1
- Ephesians 1:15-23 1
- Isaiah 60:1-3, Galatians 4:4-7 1
- Galatians 5:1, 13-25 2
- Matthew 17:1-9, 2 Peter 1:16-21 1
- Genesis 1:1-2:4a; Acts 2:14a, 22-36; Matthew 28:16-20 1
- Zechariah 9:9-12, Mark 14-15 1
- Mark 13:1-13, Hebrews 10:11-25 1
- Luke 16:1-15, 1 Timothy 2:1-15, Amos 8:4-7 1
- Romans 6:12-23 1
- John 19:28 1
- John 15:1-8 4
- Mark 1:9-15 4
- Matthew 25:31-46 5
- Matthew 14:13-21 4
- Matthew 27:45-46, Luke 23:33-34, 39-43, 44-46, John 19:25-27, 28, 29-30 2
- Matthew 2:1-12 12
- Luke 17:11-19 4
- Luke 7:36-8:3 1
- Luke 23:32-33, Mark 15:28, Luke 23:25, Matthew 27:44, Luke 23:39-43 1
- Luke 1:26-35 1
- Mark 7:31-37 2
- Acts 8:26-40 1
- James 1:1-12 1
- Matthew 11:2-15 4
- Luke 7:11-17 2
- Nehemiah 8:1-10 1
- Mark 7:24-37 3
- John 11:45-50 1
- Romans 8:28-39 2
- Luke 4:16-30 2
- 2 Corinthians 12:1-10 2
- 1 Timothy 6:11-16 1
- Luke 13:22-30, Hebrews 12:4-29 1
- John 17:1-11 3
- 1 Corinthians 6:12-20 2
- John 15:26-27; 16:4b-15 1
- Isaiah 60:1-3, 1 John 1:1-7, Matthew 9:18-30 1
- Luke 10:38-48 1
- Genesis 3:1-21 1
- Matthew 9:35-10:20 1
- Acts 3:11-21 1
- Luke 1:39-45 1
- Habakkuk 1:1-4, 2:1-4; 2 Timothy 1:1-14; Luke 17:1-10 1
- Romans 9:1-13 1
- John 19:30 1
- John 10:11-18 3
- Transfiguration of Our Lord 1
- Matthew 25:14-30, Zephaniah 1:7-16, 1 Thessalonians 5:1-11 1
- Matthew 13:44-52 4
- John 1:29-42a 4
- Luke 2:40-52 6
- Habakkuk 1:1-4, 2:1-4 1
- 1 Corinthians 10:1-13 1
- Luke 1:39-56 4
- Mark 7:14-23 3
- Luke 24:36-49 4
- Matthew 21:23-32 1
- Matthew 3:1-12 4
- John 14:23-31 1
- Luke 7:18-35 2
- Deuteronomy 4:1-2, 6-9, Ephesians 6:10-20, Mark 7:14-23 1
- Mark 9:2-9, 2 Corinthians 4:1-6 1
- Romans 8:12-17 1
- Ephesians 5:22-33 3
- Mark 6:30-44 2
- _ 8
- Timothy 2:1-15 1
- Exodus 19:2-8, Matthew 9:35-10:8 1
- Mark 1:14-20, Jonah 3:1-5, 10 1
- Isaiah 6:1-8 1
- Luke 4:16-21 1
- Luke 11:1-13, Colossians 2:6-15 1
- John 4:5-26 2
- Matthew 14:22-23 1
- Acts 4:1-12, 1 John 3:16-24, John 10:11-18 1
- Luke 1:39-45, Hebrews 10:5-10 1
- Ruth 1:1-19a; 2 Timothy 2:1-13; Luke 17:11-19 1
- Psalm 103:1-12; Matthew 18:21-35 1
- Luke 23:46 1
- Third Sunday of Easter 1
- Mark 1:29-39 4
- Matthew 25:1-13 4
- Matthew 13:24-30, 36-43 3
- John 11:1-45 2
- Luke 12:35-40 4
- Mark 15:21 1
- 2 Samuel 11:1-17, 26-27 1
- Mark 7:1-13 3
- John 18:1-19:42 6
- Matthew 20:1-16 3
- Luke 21:5-28 3
- Luke 24:44-53 5
- John 16:5-15 1
- John 6:24-35 1
- Mark 1:40-45 1
- Romans 7:14-25a 1
- 1 Corinthians 15:12-31 1
- Luke 13:31-35 1
- Daniel 10:10-14, 12:1-3; Revelation 12:7-12; Luke 10:17-20 2
- Matthew 10:5a, 21-33 2
- 1 Corinthians 9:16-27 1
- Deuteronomy 5:12-15 1
- Micah 5:2-5a 1
- Luke 12:49-53, Hebrews 11:17-31, 12:1-3 1
- John 13:1-30 1
- Romans 13:1-10 1
- 1 John 4:1-21 1
- Acts 6:8-7:2a, 51-60 1
- Matthew 24:36-44 1
- Revelation 12:7-12; Luke 10:17-20 1
- John 18, John 19 1
- John 20:19-31 14
- Mark 1:21-28 5
- Matthew 5:1-12 6
- Matthew 13:1-9, 18-23 3
- John 9:1-41 3
- Matthew 2:13-23 3
- Luke 16:1-15 3
- John 8:48-59 3
- Acts 1:15-26 1
- Luke 7:18-28 2
- Matthew 6:19-33 1
- Romans 8:14-17 1
- Matthew 18:21-35 2
- Luke 18:9-17 2
- John 16:23-33 3
- Luke 3:1-20 3
- Colossians 2:6-15 1
- Mark 8:27-35 1
- Matthew 16:13-19 1
- Acts 10:34-43 1
- Luke 13:1-9 3
- Ruth 1:-19a 1
- Isaiah 55:1-5 1
- 2 Corinthians 3:12-18; 4:1-6 1
- Genesis 3:8-15, Mark 3:20-35 1
- Luke 3:15-22, Romans 6:1-11 1
- Luke 14:25-35, Philemon 1-21 1
- Matthew 26:30, 36-46 1
- Matthew 21:23-27 1
- Acts 10:34-48 1
- Luke 2:40-52, 1 Kings 3:4-15 1
- John 1:35-42a 1
- 1 Thessalonians 4:13-18, Matthew 25:1-13 1
- John 20:19-31, 1 John 1:1-2:2, Acts 4:32-35 1
- John 20:1-18 6
- Acts 9:1-22 3
- Matthew 11:25-30 4
- Matthew 21:1-11 4
- Luke 2:1-20 4
- John 12:1-6, Mark 14:6-9 1
- Samuel 2:12-17, 22-35 1
- John 6:51-69 5
- Mark 10:35-45 2
- Matthew 16:13-20 4
- Luke 18:1-8 2
- John 16:12-22 3
- John 1:1-5, 9-14 1
- John 20:1-2, 10-18 1
- Psalm 96:1-4, 11-12, Genesis 3:8-15, Isaiah 9:2, 6-7, Micah 5:2-4, Luke 1:26-35, Luke 2:1-7, Luke 2:8-14, Luke 2:8-15 1
- Jeremiah 20:7-13 1
- Hebrews 4:14-16, 5:7-9 1
- Luke 15:1-3a, 11-32 1
- Genesis 32:22-30 2
- Matthew 15:21-28, Isaiah 56:1, 6-8, Romans 11:1-2a, 13-15, 28-32 1
- 2 Corinthians 5:20b-6:10 2
- Amos 7:7-15, Ephesians 1:3-14, Mark 6:14-29 1
- 1 Corinthians 12:12-31a 1
- Luke 15 1
- Luke 22:54-62 1
- Philippians 4:4-13 1
- Athanasian Creed 1
- Jeremiah 1:4-10; Psalm 71:1-11; 1 Corinthians 12:31b-13:13; Luke 4:31-44 1
- 2 Peter 3:8-14, Mark 1:1-8 1
- Mark 2:23-3:6 1
- John 13:1-17, 31b-35 3
- Mark 8:27-9:1 1
- Matthew 22:15-22 6
- Acts 15:1-21 1
- John 4:5-30, 39-42 2
- Luke 14:25-35 4
- Revelation 21:9-14, 21-27 1
- John 6:35-51 5
- Mark 8:27-38 4
- Matthew 10:34-42 3
- Isaiah 41:1-10 1
- John 19:28-42 1
- Luke 21:25-36 1
- Mark 6:1-13 1
- Revelation 2:10 1
- Matthew 9:35-10:8 1
- Jeremiah 31:31-34, Psalm 51 1
- Deuteronomy 4:1-2, 6-9 1
- Luke 22:7-20 1
- Acts 15:12-22a 1
- Isaiah 55:10-13 2
- James 1:12-18 1
- John 20:1-2, 10-18; Proverbs 31:10-31 1
- 1 Corinthians 15:12-20 1
- John 9 1
- Amos 5:18-24, Matthew 25:1-13 1
- Genesis 3:8-15, 2 Corinthians 4:13-5:1, Mark 3:20-35 1
- Jeremiah 17:5-8, Luke 6:17-26 1
- John 20:24-29 1
- 2 Samuel 7:1-16, Luke 1:26-38 1
- Genesis 3:8-15 1
Speakers
- Rev Dr Priestly Balasingh 1
- Rev. Dr. Tilahun Mendedo 1
- Rev. Dylan Smith 2
- Rev. Jared Melius 1
- Rev. Donald Fraker 1
- Rev. Dr. Mark S. Nuckols, Senior Pastor 415
- Rev. Bryan Wolfmueller 255
- Rev. Thomas Petersen 1
- Rev. Richard Mittwede 76
- Rev. Brian Kachelmeier 1
- Vicar David Krueger 1
- Rev. Phil Schielke 19
- Seminarian Mark De Young 1
- Seminarian Cody Norton 2
- Andrew Hatesohl 2
- Rev. Jonathan Bontke 3
- Seminarian Mark DeYoung 1
- Rev. Steven C. Briel 1
- Vicar Ross Davis 8
- Rev. Sherman D. Stenson, Associate Pastor 232
- Rev. Curtis Giese 3
- Rev. Herbert Graf 1
- Rev. John T. Pless 1
- Rev. Dr. Jayson S. Galler 5
- Rev. Dr. Mark J. Dankis 2
- Seminarian Duane Meissner 1
- Rev. Sean Daenzer 1
- Rev. Fred Neumann, Pastor Emeritus 1
- Rev. Robert E. LeBlanc 23
- Rev. Philip E. Zielinski 1
- Rev. Ross Davis 15
- Rev. Duane Meissner 1
- Rev. Dr. Geoffrey Boyle 1
Months
- October 2024 1
- September 2024 5
- August 2024 4
- July 2024 4
- June 2024 5
- May 2024 5
- April 2024 4
- March 2024 16
- February 2024 7
- January 2024 4
- December 2023 7
- November 2023 4

18th Sunday of Pentecost

Eyes on Eternity

September 22, 2013
Rev. Sherman D. Stenson, Associate Pastor
18th Sunday of Pentecost
Luke 16:1-15

Grace, mercy, and peace to you from God our Father, and from our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ. Amen. How should we view worldly wealth? Do you recognize the names Andrew Carnegie, J. D. Rockefeller, J. P. Morgan, Leland Stanford, and Cornelius Vanderbilt? These were the titans of steel, oil, finance, timber, and rail in the 19th century. They also left a legacy of…